Wastewater treatment is an energy intensive process that removes contaminants and protects the environment. While some wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) recover a small portion of their energy demand through sludge handling processes, most of the useful energy available from wastewater remains unrecovered. Efforts are underway to harness energy from wastewater by developing microbial fuel cells (MiFCs) that generate electricity. Key challenges to the development of microbial fuel cells include inefficiencies inherent in recovering energy from microbial metabolism (particularly carbon metabolism) and ineffective electron transfer processes between the bacteria and the anode. We explored the prospects for constructing microaerobic nitrifying MiFCs which could exhibit key advantages over carbon-based metabolism in particular applications (e.g., potential use in ammonia-rich recycle streams). In addition, we evaluated nanostructure-enhanced anodes which have the potential to facilitate more efficient electron transfer for MiFCs because carbon nanostructures, such as nanofibers, possess outstanding conducting properties and increase the available surface area for cellular attachment. In the initial phase of this project, we investigated the performance of a novel nitrifying MiFC that contains a nanostructure-enhanced anode and that demonstrated power generation during preliminary batch testing. Subsequent batch runs were performed with pure cultures of Nitrosomonas europaea which demonstrated very low power generation. After validating our fuel cell hardware using abiotic experiments, we proceeded to test the MiFC using a mixed culture from a local wastewater treatment plant, which was enriched for nitrifying bacteria. Again, the power generation was very low though noticeably higher on the nanostructured anodes. After establishing and monitoring the growth of another enriched nitrifying culture, we repeated the experiment a third time, again observing very low power generation. In the absence of appreciable and repeatable power production from pure and mixed nitrifying cultures, we focused on the second major objective of the work which was the fabrication and characterization of carbon nanostructured anodes. The second research objective evaluated whether or not addition of carbon nanostructures to stainless steel anodes in anaerobic microbial fuel cells enhanced electricity generation. The results from the studies focused on this element were very promising and demonstrated that CNS-coated anodes produced up to two orders of magnitude more power in anaerobic microbial fuel cells than in MiFCs with uncoated stainless steel anodes. The largest power density achieved in this study was 506 mW m-2, and the average maximum power density of the CNS-enhanced MiFCs using anaerobic sludge was 300 mW m-2. In comparison, the average maximum power density of the MiFCs with uncoated anodes in the same experiments was only 13.7 mW m-2, an almost 22-fold reduction. Electron microscopy showed that microorganisms were affiliated with the CNS-coated anodes to a much greater degree than the noncoated anodes. Sodium azide inhibition studies showed that active microorganisms were required to achieve enhanced power generation. The current was reduced significantly in MiFCs receiving the inhibitor compared to MiFCs that did not receive the inhibitor. The nature of the microbial-nanostructure relationship that caused enhanced current was not determined during this study but deserves further evaluation. These results are promising and suggest that CNS-enhanced anodes, when coupled with more efficient MiFC designs than were used in this research, may enhance the possibility that MiFC technologies can move to commercial application.

The Baltic Cauldron commemorates several centuries of Anglo-Swedish relations, which, after events in Eastern Europe in 2022, have acquired a new resonance as a record of the struggle for survival and independence of nations bordering the Baltic. This is a history of navies in the Baltic Sea and its approaches, from the Skaggerak to the Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland. This book portrays the relationship between the Swedish and British Navies over the centuries. In the 1700s Britain was a global naval power and developed doctrine, ships and culture which were copied by others, but the relationship with Sweden became special. While Britain and its navy depended upon Baltic Sea trade for timber, tar, iron and grain, the foundation was laid for the Swedish Navy, its self-image, tactics, materials and traditions. Among the subjects addressed are: the origins of the Swedish navy; the first English fleet to visit the Baltic; Charles XII’s amphibious campaigns; the English influence on Swedish shipbuilding; the quixotic Admiral Sir Sidney Smith; Admirals Lord Nelson and James Saumarez at war and peace; and, in the 20th century, the hunt for the Bismarck, Churchill’s planned attack on arctic Luleå in 1940, and blockade-runners in the Second World War. This ground-breaking study is filled with new insights, and contains much previously unpublished information, some based on Swedish sources which are not often quoted in the English-speaking world. The book is brought up to date with an account of the capture by Iranian forces of Stena Impero. Lessons in sea power are drawn throughout the book. The Baltic Cauldron is a fitting and worthy tribute to both the Royal Navy and to the Royal Swedish Navy at its quincentenary.

Build your child's reading confidence at home with books at the right level This hilarious retelling of a traditional Hans Christian Anderson tale tells of mistaken identities as a kind, humble princess swaps places with her grumpy, unpleasant maid, with some very funny consequences! Who'll end up marrying the prince, and who will end up the goose girl, and how will the magic horse help? Topaz/Band 13 books offer longer and more demanding reads for children to investigate and evaluate. Text type: A traditional tale Curriculum links: English: fairy stories, myths and legends This book has been quizzed for Accelerated Reader.

Raspberry production and consumption is increasing steadily worldwide, and the potential health benefits of the fruit are becoming more widely known. Providing an international overview of the modern raspberry industry, this book covers North America, Europe, Asia and the Middle East. It discusses all aspects of raspberry growing, including plant growth and development, cultivar description and selection, site selection and preparation (including soil and drainage), climate, pest control, irrigation, shipping, economics, harvesting and the marketing of the final product. Much of this publication covers research based information, including hundreds of references and nearly eighty full colour plates. Taking a global perspective, this book provides a comprehensive yet concise reference for all horticulture students, raspberry growers, producers and fruit industry personnel looking for the latest information in raspberry production.

A drug courier crashes his plane in a frozen lake in Yosemite's high country. Winston, a Yosemite "valley rat" on the run from killers in his home town, discovers the plane during a winter hike. He off loads the cargo and begins a new life as a drug dealer. After he and his girlfriend are murdered during a drug deal gone south, their two unrelated children, Josh and Kathy, are raised by their respective grandparents. When Josh asks his Uncle Mark for help in finding his "sister," the outcome is anything but predictable.

This book defines what it means to be globally literate. It is the ultimate guide on Outsourcing and draws on the trends in education and economy that have shifted America from being a technological and innovative super power to the critical state it is in now. This book is a must read for every American, needing to be technologically savvy, or thinking of 'farming out' some of their operations to either cope or grow in the 21st century. This book presents the challenges with confidence and style. "An American style," says Ahi of the book that notes how the world is transforming and how those changes are affecting everyone, most especially Americans. Having been educated here, founding businesses, and teaching and raising a family, she has empowering words and solutions for what must be done to keep America the land of opportunity and prosperity.

We are old and we are young. We are near and we are far. We are connected by family and by friendships. But our true connection comes from a heart and love for our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. It is our hope and prayer that all who read this book of devotions would come to know and to love the Savior as we do. We pray that you will find hope, joy, wisdom, peace, and most of all, love, by the words that we have penned. May God's richest blessings fall freshly upon you all the days of your life. With the Love of Christ, Michelle Ellis How great is the love the Father has lavished on us, that we should be called children of God! And that is what we are! I John 3:1

We are old and we are young. We are near and we are far. We are connected by family and by friendships. But our true connection comes from a heart and love for our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. It is our hope and prayer that all who read this book of devotions would come to know and to love the Savior as we do. We pray that you will find hope, joy, wisdom, peace, and most of all, love, by the words that we have penned. May God's richest blessings fall freshly upon you all the days of your life. With the Love of Christ, Michelle Ellis How great is the love the Father has lavished on us, that we should be called children of God! And that is what we are! I John 3:1

Each part of the guitar chord title is an instruction. Learn what these instructions mean and use the two main barre chord shapes provided as the starting point, and you can make literally thousands of chords GUARANTEED! CHORDMASTER Chord Theory for Guitar takes you step-by step through learning the secrets to understanding chord titles, what they mean, and shows examples of how to make each chord two ways. Then you can apply this knowledge to make them even more ways.

This REVOLUTIONARY, NEW method teaches you how to understand chord titles so you can make piano chords without previous music experience, without note reading, without months of study. Start playing songs on piano today. Just read the chord names in songbooks and play the songs. This is the easiest, most direct method of chord theory in the world. All of the necessary tools are there, while all of the information that you don't need and will never use has been eliminated. Memorization is kept to an absolute minimum, but by the end of this book, you will have the knowledge needed to make over 5,000 chords on the piano, easily and logically. This book is a "must-have" especially for keyboard players who want to play and perform like the pro's really do.